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Marketing 321: Marketing Research

This page contains examples for citing, a variety of secondary and business resource in APA 7th edition.

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Research@UWW

Credit Others for Their Work

Plagiarism involves taking credit for work that is not one's own. Below are some resources that can help you credit others for their work.

To see example references and in-text citations of all the unusual Business databases not shown in this page, visit

the Business page on the library's APA style guide. 

Simmons Insights

Simmons Insights

The Title is the dataset used, which also provides you with a Date. However, that doesn't tell your reader what exact data you were using. So create a description after the title, in [square brackets], of what criteria you applied to get your list, so that someone else could retrieve the same (or similar) data. 

Cross tab data

General format: Group or corporate author period open parenthesis survey date close parenthesis in italics title of dataset used non italics open bracket description of variables used close bracket open bracket format close format period database homepage Example description: M R I hyphen Simmons period open parenthesis 2021 close parenthesis period in italics 2021 Spring M R I hyphen Simmons U S A non italics open bracket No period of children currently living at home forward slash hand ampersand body cream comma lotion or oil brand used close bracket open bracket Data set close bracket period https colon forward slash forward slash www period mrisimmons period com forward slash

In-text Citation

Parenthetical Citation: There are approximately 7 million customers in the United States who use hand and body creams, lotions or oils (MRI-Simmons, 2021).

Narrative Citation: According to MRI-Simmons (2021) there are approximately 7 million customers in the United States who use hand and body creams, lotions, or oils. 

Quick report profile

General format: Group or corporate author period open parenthesis survey date close parenthesis period in italics title of dataset used non italics open bracket description of variables used close bracket open bracket format close bracket period database homepage Example description: M R I hyphen Simmons period open parenthesis 2021 close parenthesis period in italics Spring 2021 MRI hyphen Simmons Connect non italics open bracket Repondent: College or university student close bracket open bracket Quick report colon Social media activity profile close bracket period https colon forward slash forward slash www period mrisimmons period com forward slash

In-text Citation

Parenthetical Citation: 52% of college students in the United States accessed Instagram through a mobile device in 2021 (MRI-Simmons, 2021).

Narrative Citation: According to MRI-Simmons (2021) 52% of college students in the United States accessed Instagram through a mobile devise in 2021.

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Census Data

Census Data

Data tables

General format: Corporate Author period open parenthesis publication date close parenthesis period In italics title of table with location or table number non italics open parenthesis table ID close parenthesis open bracket description close bracket period source period freely accessible URL Example description: U period S period Census Bureau period open parenthesis 2021 close parenthesis period in italics Real estate colon Business dynamics statistics colon Establishment age colon 1878 hyphen 2021 non italics open parenthesis Table BDSEAGE close parenthesis open bracket Data set close bracket period U period S period Department of Commerce period https colon forward slash forward slash data period census period gov forward slash table forward slash BDSTIMESERIES period BDSEAGE question mark g equals symbol 010XX00US&n equal symbol 531

In-Text Citation

Parenthetical Citation: In the United States the number of real estate firms increased by over 12,000 between 2020 and 2021 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2021).

Narrative Citation: According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2021), the number of real estate firms in the United States increased by over 12,000 between 2020 and 2021.

Census Business Builder

General format: Corporate author period open parenthesis publication date close parenthesis period in italics title of webpage non italics open bracket description close bracket period source period retrieved month date comma year comma from freely accessible URL Example description: U period S period census bureau period open parenthesis n period d period close parenthesis period in italics Census business builder non italics open brackets Map of bars in Milwaukee County comma W I and its total population open bracket period U period S period Department of Commerce period Retrieved January 8 comma 2024 comma from https colon forward slash forward slash cbb period census period gov forward slash cbb forward slash

In-Text Citation

Parenthetical Citation: There are 301 establishments in Milwaukee county which exclusively sell alcohol (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.).

Narrative Citation: According to the U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.), there are 301 establishments in Milwaukee county which exclusively sell alcohol.

Quick Facts tables

General format: Corporate author period open parenthesis publication date close parenthesis period In italics title of webpage non italics open bracket description close bracket period source period retrieval date comma from freely accessible URL Example description: U period S period census bureau period open parenthesis n period d period close parenthesis period in italics QuickFacts colon Stevens Point comma Wisconsin semicolon Whitewater city comma Wisconsin semicolon United States non italics open brackets Data set close brackets period Retrieved January 8 comma 2024 comma from https colon forward slash forward slash www period census period gov forward slash quickfacts forward slash fact forward slash table forward slash stevenspointcitywisconsin comma whitewatercitywisconsin comma US forward slash HSG860222

In-Text Citation

Parenthetical Citation: The median gross rent in Whitewater, WI is only 1% more than in Stevens Point, WI (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.).

Narrative Citation: According to the U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.) the median gross rent in Whitewater, WI is only 1% more than the median gross rent in Stevens Point, WI.

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Magazine

Magazine (p. 320 in Manual)

Online with no DOI

Include the stable URL. Page numbers, volume, and issue may be omitted if not available. 

General format: author last name comma first initials period open parenthesis publication date close parenthesis period article title period in italics magazine title period freely accessible URL Example description: Greenberg comma A period open parenthesis 2020 comma May 12 close parenthesis period The confessions of Marcus Hutchins comma the hacker who saved the internet period in italics Wired period non italics . https colon forward slash forward slash www period wired period com forward slash story forward slash confessions hyphen marcus hyphen hutchins hyphen hacker hyphen who hyphen saved hyphen the hyphen interne forward slash

In-text Citation

Parenthetical Citation:  Marcus Hutchins was lauded as the hacker who saved the internet for his work in stopping the WannaCry cyber security attack (Greenberg, 2020).

Narrative Citation: Greenberg (2020) outlined Marcus Hutchins journey from creating malware to being lauded as the hacker who saved the internet.

Print or from a Database with no DOI

Italicize the magazine title and volume number, but not the issue number in parentheses.  If a magazine has a month and/or date, you may include that.

General Format: Author last name comma first initial period open parenthesis publication date close parenthesis period article title period in italics Magazine title comma volume number non italics open parenthesis issue number close parenthesis comma page number period Example description: Rodgers comma J period E period open parenthesis 2009 comma January forward slash February close parenthesis period Guinea pig nation period in italics Psychology Today comma 42 non italics open parenthesis 1 close parenthesis comma 84 hyphen 91 period

In-text Citation

Parenthetical Citation:  Approximately 20 million Americans have been recruited for clinical trials each year (Rodgers, 2009).

Narrative Citation: Rodgers (2009) estimates that approximately 20 million Americans have been recruited for clinical trials each year. 

 

Online or Print, with DOI

Online or Print, with DOI (p. 316+ in Manual)

On all article citations, whether you read online or print, include the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) if available.  The DOI is like a digital thumbprint: its unique and permanent numbers and letters help identify it. It is typically on the first or last page of the article. It may also be listed in the CrossRef Database. If you are having trouble finding the DOI, ask a librarian.  If there is no DOI, see this example. 

Note that as of March 2017, CrossRef and APA both recommend that DOIs be formatted as such: https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx with no period at the end.  

General format: author last name comma first initials period open parenthesis publication date close parenthesis period article title period in italics journal title comma volume number non italics open parenthesis issue number close parenthesis comma page numbers period digital object identifier or D O I Example description: Bueger comma C period open parenthesis 2013 close parenthesis period Practice comma pirates comma and Coast Guards colon The grand narrative of Somali piracy period in italics Third World Quarterly comma 34 non italics open parenthesis 10 close parenthesis comma 1811 hyphen 1827 period https colon forward slash forward slash doi period org forward slash 10 period 1080 forward slash 01436597 period 2013 period 851896

In-text Citation

Parenthetical Citation:  The Coast Guard narrative provides meaning to the practice of modern day piracy (Bueger, 2013).

Narrative Citation: According to Bueger (2013) the coast guard narrative can be treated as a "meaningful fiction which gives coherence to the practice of piracy" (p. 1824).