Wolfram, W., & Schilling-Estes, N. (2006). American English: Dialects and variation (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Bernestein, C. (2006). Fading future for ferhoodled English (Pennsylvania German). In W. Wolfram & B. Ward (Eds.), American voices: How dialects differ from coast to coast (pp. 258-69). Blackwell Publishing.
"If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference [...]. Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
"If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference" (APA Style Blog).
Example for a reference ebook entry found in Gale Virtual Reference Library:
The Amish. (2009). In T. Gall & J. Hobby (Eds.), Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life (Vol. 2, pp. 48-54). Gale.
Example for a chapter in an ebook found in ProQuest Ebook Central:
Bernstein, C. G. (2003). Grammatical features of Southern speech: Yall, might could, and fixin to. In S. J. Nagle, & S. L. Sanders (Eds.), English in the Southern United States, Cambridge University Press (pp. 106-118). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486715.007
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Place article title in author position when there is no author listed. If the example above had no author listed, the citation would be:
Relativity. (1993). In The new encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Burchfield, R. W. (Ed.). (2008). English in Britain and overseas: Origins and development (Vol. 5). Cambridge University Press.
Mann, K. (2008). French Americans. In R. Schaefer (Ed.), Encyclopedia of race, ethnicity, and society. Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963879.n210
The original article was located using an eBSCO database. Click here to see the original record. If no DOI is provided, do not include any links.
Anderson, V. M. (2013). A working description of Pennsylvania Dutchfied English and South Central Pennsylvania English. American Speech, 88, 19-42.
Velleman, S. L., & Pearson, B. Z. (2010). Differentiating speech sound disorders from phonological dialect differences: Implications for assessment and intervention. Topics in Language Disorders, 30(3), 176-188. https://doi:10.1097/TLD.0b013e3181efc378
This post was originally found using ProQuest Newsstand. Use links that point to freely available formats when available; so in this example, a Google search for the original was performed.
Strauss, V. (2013, October 28). Five stereotypes about poor families and education. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/28/five-stereotypes-about-poor-families-and-education/
See the APA Style Blog for more news article examples.
This news article was originally found using a library database, Newspaper Source Plus (EBSCO) . Since the link to the EBSCO copy would not be accessible to general readers, we were able to find a freely accessible link by searching Google:
Nark, J. T. (2017, December 23). Keeping the Pennsylvania Dutch language alive - and thriving. AP Regional State Report - Pennsylvania. https://apnews.com/article/e259f895f38b4886b6bdca419ef066ec
DVD
Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [DVD]. Paramount Pictures.
Streaming video (freely available, such as YouTube, TED Talks, etc.). The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author for retrievability, even if they did not create the work (APA Style Manual, p. 344)
People Like Us - The CNAM Channel. Spicy Cajun accents: American Tongues episode #5 [Video]. (2010, June 10). YouTube. https://youtu.be/hV8TQTUSsgw
Streaming video from a subscription source such as Netflix, Kanopy or Films on Demand. Do not include URL's to subscription streaming services.
BBC (Producer). (2009). Why do we talk? The science of speech [Video]. Films on Demand.
Cran, W. (Director & Producer) & MacNeil, R. (Producer). (2005). Do you speak American? Out west [Video]. Films on Demand
When referring to an entire website or page in general, and not any document in particular on that website, it is sufficient to give the address of the site in the text. No reference list entry is needed (APA Style Blog)
When citing specific information from a web page, use the following model:
A Specific Page on a Website:
Fought, C. (2005). American varieties: Talking with mi gente. Do you speak American? PBS. http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/chicano/
Department of English, West Virginia University. (2016). West Virginia Dialect Project. http://dialects.english.wvu.edu/
For video tutorials, watch the YouTube video playlist below:
