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Court | Abbreviation |
United States Supreme Court | U.S. |
Court | Abbreviation |
First Circuit | 1st Cir. |
Second Circuit | 2d Cir. |
Third Circuit | 3d Cir. |
Fourth Circuit | 4th Cir. |
Fifth Circuit | 5th Cir. |
Sixth Circuit | 6th Cir. |
Seventh Circuit | 7th Cir. |
Eighth Circuit | 8th Cir. |
Ninth Circuit | 9th Cir. |
Tenth Circuit | 10th Cir. |
Eleventh Circuit | 11th Cir. |
D.C. Circuit | D.C. Cir. |
Federal Circuit | Fed. Cir. |
Court | Abbreviations |
Middle District of Alabama | M.D. Ala. |
Northern District of Alabama | N.D. Ala. |
Southern District of Alabama | S.D. Ala. |
District of Alaska | D. Alaska |
District of Arizona | D. Ariz. |
Eastern District of Arkansas | E.D. Ark. |
Western District of Arkansas | W.D. Ark. |
Central District of California | C.D. Cal. |
Eastern District of California | E.D. Cal. |
Northern District of California | N.D. Cal. |
Southern District of California | S.D. Cal. |
District of the Canal Zone | D.C.Z. (The D.C.Z. ceased to exist on 3/31/1982) |
District of Colorado | D. Colo. |
District of Connecticut | D. Conn. |
District of Delaware | D. Del. |
District of D.C. | D.D.C. |
Middle District of Florida | M.D. Fla. |
Northern District of Florida | N.D. Fla. |
Southern District of Florida | S.D. Fla. |
Middle District of Georgia | M.D. Ga. |
Northern District of Georgia | N.D. Ga. |
Southern District of Georgia | S.D. Ga. |
District of Guam | D. Guam |
District of Hawaii | D. Haw. |
District of Idaho | D. Idaho |
Central District of Illinois | C.D. Ill. |
Northern District of Illinois | N.D. Ill. |
Northern District of Indiana | N.D. Ind. |
Southern District of Indiana | S.D. Ind. |
Northern District of Iowa | N.D. Iowa |
Southern District of Iowa | S.D. Iowa |
District of Kansas | D. Kan. |
Eastern District of Kentucky | E.D. Ky. |
Western District of Kentucky | W.D. Ky. |
Eastern District of Louisiana | E.D. La. |
Middle District of Louisiana | M.D. La. |
Western District of Louisiana | W.D. La. |
District of Maine | D. Me. |
District of Maryland | D. Md. |
District of Massachusetts | D. Mass. |
Eastern District of Michigan | E.D. Mich. |
Western District of Michigan | W.D. Mich. |
District of Minnesota | D. Minn. |
Northern District of Mississippi | N.D. Miss. |
Southern District of Mississippi | S.D. Miss. |
Eastern District of Missouri | E.D. Mo. |
Western District of Missouri | W.D. Mo. |
District of Montana | D. Mont. |
District of Nebraska | D. Neb. |
District of Nevada | D. Nev. |
District of New Hampshire | D.N.H. |
District of New Jersey | D.N.J. |
District of New Mexico | D.N.M. |
Eastern District of New York | E.D.N.Y. |
Northern District of New York | N.D.N.Y. |
Southern District of New York | S.D.N.Y. |
Western District of New York | W.D.N.Y. |
Eastern District of North Carolina | E.D.N.C. |
Middle District of North Carolina | M.D.N.C. |
Western District of North Carolina | W.D.N.C. |
District of North Dakota | D.N.D. |
District of the Northern Mariana Islands | D.N. Mar. Is. |
Northern District of Ohio | N.D. Ohio |
Southern District of Ohio | S.D. Ohio |
Eastern District of Oklahoma | E.D. Okla. |
Northern District of Oklahoma | N.D. Okla. |
Western District of Oklahoma | W.D. Okla. |
District of Oregon | D. Or. |
Eastern District of Pennsylvania | E.D. Pa. |
Middle District of Pennsylvania | M.D. Pa. |
Western District of Pennsylvania | W.D. Pa. |
District of Puerto Rico | D.P.R. |
District of Rhode Island | D.R.I. |
District of South Carolina | D.S.C. |
District of South Dakota | D.S.D. |
Eastern District of Tennessee | E.D. Tenn. |
Middle District of Tennessee | M.D. Tenn. |
Western District of Tennessee | W.D. Tenn. |
Eastern District of Texas | E.D. Tex. |
Northern District of Texas | N.D. Tex. |
Southern District of Texas | S.D. Tex. |
Western District of Texas | W.D. Tex. |
District of Utah | D. Utah |
District of Vermont | D. Vt. |
Eastern District of Virginia | E.D. Va. |
Western District of Virginia | W.D. Va. |
District of the Virgin Islands | D.V.I. |
Eastern District of Washington | E.D. Wash. |
Western District of Washington | W.D. Wash. |
Northern District of West Virginia | N.D.W. Va. |
Southern District of West Virginia | S.D.W. Va. |
Eastern District of Wisconsin | E.D. Wis. |
Western District of Wisconsin | W.D. Wis. |
District of Wyoming | D. Wyo. |
Court |
Abbreviation |
Alabama Supreme Court | Ala. |
Alabama Court of Civil Appeals | Ala. Civ. App. |
Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals | Ala. Crim. App. |
Alaska Supreme Cout | Alaska |
Alaska Court of Appeals | Alaska Ct. App. |
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Arizona Surpreme Courts | Ariz. |
Arizona Court of Appeals | Ariz. Ct. App. |
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Arkansas Supreme Court | Ark. |
Arkansas Court of Appeals | Ark. Ct. App. |
|
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California Supreme Court | Cal. |
California Court of Appeal |
Cal. Ct. App. |
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Colorado Supreme Court | Colo. |
Colorado Court of Appeals | Colo. App. |
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Connecticut Supreme Court | Conn. |
Connecticut Appellate Court | Conn. App. Ct. |
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Delaware Supreme Court | Del. |
Delaware Court of Chancery | Del. Ch. |
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District of Columbia Court of Appeals | D.C. |
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Florida Supreme Court | Fla. |
Florida District Court of Appeal |
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. |
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Georgia Supreme Court | Ga. |
Georgia Court of Appeals |
Ga. Ct. App. |
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Hawaii Supreme Court | Haw. |
Hawaii Court of Appeals | Haw. Ct. App. |
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Idaho Supreme Court | Idaho |
Idaho Court of Appeals | Idaho Ct. App. |
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Illinois Supreme Court | Ill. |
Illinois Appellate Court | Ill. App. Ct. |
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Indiana Supreme Court | Ind. |
Indiana Court of Appeals | Ind. Ct. App. |
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Iowa Supreme Court | Iowa |
Iowa Court of Appeals | Iowa Ct. App. |
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Kansas Supreme Court | Kan. |
Kansas Court of Appeals | Kan. Ct. App. |
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Kentucky Supreme Court | Ky. |
Kentucky Court of Appeals | Ky. Ct. App. |
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Louisiana Supreme Court | La. |
Louisiana Court of Appeal | La. Ct. App. |
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Maine Supreme Court | Me. |
Maine | No appellate court |
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Maryland Supreme Court | Md. |
Maryland Court of Special Appeals | Md. Ct. Spec. App. |
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Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court | Mass. |
Massachusetts Appeals Court | Mass. App. Ct. |
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Michigan Supreme Court | Mich. |
Michigan Court of Appeals | Mich. Ct. App. |
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Minnesota Supreme Court | Minn. |
Minnesota Court of Appeals | Minn. Ct. App. |
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Mississippi Supreme Court | Miss. |
Mississippi Court of Appeals | Miss. Ct. App. |
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Missouri Supreme Court | Mo. |
Missouri Court of Appeals | Mo. Ct. App. |
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Montana Supreme Court | Mont. |
Montana | No appellate court |
|
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Nebraska Supreme Court | Neb. |
Nebraska Court of Appeals | Neb. Ct. App. |
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Nevada Supreme Court | Nev. |
Nevada | No appellate court |
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New Hampshire Supreme Court | N.H. |
New Hampshire | No appellate court |
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New Jersey Supreme Court | N.J. |
New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Divsion | N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. |
New Mexico Supreme Court | N.M. |
New Mexico Court of Appeals | N.M. Ct. App. |
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New York Court of Appeals | N.Y. |
New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division | N.Y. App. Div. |
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North Carolina Supreme Court | N.C. |
North Carolina Court of Appeals | N.C. Ct. App. |
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North Dakota Supreme Court |
N.D. |
Court of Appeals of North Dakota |
N.D. Ct. App. |
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Ohio Supreme Court | Ohio |
Ohio Court of Appeals | Ohio Ct. App. |
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Oklahoma Supreme Court | Okla. |
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals | Okla. Crim. App. |
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals | Okla. Civ. App. |
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Oregon Supreme Court | Or. |
Oregon Court of Appeals | Or. Ct. App. |
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Pennsylvania Supreme Court | Pa. |
Pennsylvania Superior Court | Pa. Super. Ct. |
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Rhode Island Supreme Court | R.I. |
Rhode Island | No appellate court |
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South Carolina Supreme Court | S.C. |
South Carolina Court of Appeals | S.C. Ct. App. |
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South Dakota Supreme Court | S.D. |
South Dakota | No appellate court |
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Tennessee Supreme Court | Tenn. |
Tennessee Court of Appeals | Tenn. Ct. App. |
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Texas Supreme Court | Tex. |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals | Tex. Crim. App. |
Texas Courts of Appeals | Tex. App. |
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Utah Supreme Court | Utah |
Utah Court of Appeals | Utah Ct. App. |
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Vermont Supreme Court | Vt. |
Vermont | No appellate court |
Virginia Supreme Court | Va. |
Virginia Court of Appeals | Va. Ct. App. |
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Washington Supreme Court | Wash. |
Washington Court of Appeals | Wash. Ct. App. |
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West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals | W. Va. |
West Virginia | No appellate court |
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Wisconsin Supreme Court | Wis. |
Wisconsin Court of Appeals | Wis. Ct. App. |
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Wyoming Supreme Court | Wyo. |
Wyoming |
No appellate court |