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English 345/545: African American Literature, 1800 to Present

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Why Cite?

Documenting your sources is a necessity, which:

  1. Allows readers to find your sources;
  2. Provides evidence for your arguments;
  3. Adds credibility to your work;
  4. Avoids plagiarism, the consequence of which could be an allegation of academic misconduct. 

Each paper or project you work on will use just one citation style.

APA Style (7th ed.)

Whether you choose to quote, summarize, or paraphrase sources in your research paper, you must cite each source you use. For rules and examples, look here:

If you use online citation formatters provided free on the internet or within a library database. Remember that computer generated citations are not foolproof. Be sure to review them for accuracy. 

This video has good tips for Using a Citation from a Citation Generator.

If you are writing a long paper or thesis and want help organizing your sources and citations, try Zotero or EndNote, both of which the library supports.

MLA Style (9th ed.)

Whether you choose to quote, summarize, or paraphrase sources you use in your research paper, you must cite each one. For guidelines and examples, look here:

If you use online citation formatters provided free on the internet or within a library database. Remember that computer generated citations are not foolproof. Be sure to review them for accuracy.

This video has good tips for Using a Citation from a Citation Generator.

If you are writing a long paper or thesis and want help organizing your sources and citations, try Zotero or EndNote, both of which the library supports.

Citing Literary Criticism from Gale Literature - MLA Style (9th ed.)

Journal Article Republished in a Book, in a Database

For an article republished in a book that is available in a database--such as those from Gale Literature--you will be using three containers. They are a periodical (journal in this example), a book, and a database. The example follows the standard steps.

General Format: Author last name comma first name period. Open quotation marks Title including title within title contained in single quotation marks semicolon subtitle period close quotation marks. Series title, edited by editor first name middle initial and last name comma volume number comma publisher comma publication year period. Originally published in journal title in italics comma volume number comma issue number, publication season and year comma page range period. Database comma, stable U R L period. Description of Citation: Harris comma Trudier period. Open quotation marks Alice Walker apostrophe s open single quotation marks Roselily close single quotation marks colon Meditations on Culture comma Politics comma and Chains period close quotation marks. Short Story Criticism in italics, comma edited by Catherine C period DiMercurio comma v o l period space 272 comma Gale comma 2019 period. Originally published in The Southern Quarterly in italics comma v o l period space 54 comma n o period 2 comma Winter 2017 comma p p period 28 dash 48 period. Gale Literature comma link period gale period com forward slash apps forward slash doc forward slash H1420126823 forward slash GLS question mark u equal sign h2o ampersand sid equal sign bookmark dash GLS ampersand xid equal sign f25cfdd9 period.

In-text Citation

Author Name(s) in Parenthetical Citation:

"Wisconsin has over 600 varieties of cheese" (Trudier).

Author Name(s) in Your Text

According to Trudier, "Wisconsin has over 600 varieties of cheese."